Table 1

Real-time and Bedside Charting Data for the Study and Control Unit for All Study Phases

Study unit real-time charting rate phase	N	% Real time	95% CI	χ² (df1)	p	N	Odds ratio	95% CI
Preintervention	16,372	59.5	0.587–0.602
Intervention	20,751	72.5	0.719–0.732	706.04	<0.001	37,123	1.80	1.72–1.88
Postintervention	15,421	75.8	0.751–0.765	964.95	<0.001	31,793	2.14	2.04–2.24
Follow-up	2,536	75.2	0.735–0.769	230.26	<0.001	18,908	2.07	1.88–2.27
Control unit real-time charting rate phase	N	% Real time	95% CI	χ²	p	N	Odds ratio	95% CI
Preintervention	18,453	53.5	0.528–0.542
Intervention	24,245	59.2	0.586–0.598	139.20	<0.001	42,698	1.26	1.21–1.31
Postintervention	18,231	56.9	0.562–0.576	43.00	<0.001	36,684	1.15	1.10–1.20
Follow-up	2,603	57.2	0.552–0.591	12.38	<0.001	21,056	1.16	1.07–1.26
Study unit bedside charting rate phase	N	% Bedside	95% CI	χ²	p	N	Odds ratio	95% CI
Preintervention	16,372	40.6	0.399–0.414
Intervention	20,751	63.0	0.623–0.636	1,837.60	<0.001	37,123	2.48	2.38–2.59
Postintervention	15,421	66.6	0.659–0.673	2,152.58	<0.001	31,793	2.91	2.78–3.05
Follow-up	2,536	58.5	0.565–0.604	285.80	<0.001	18,908	2.05	1.89–2.24
Control unit bedside charting rate phase	N	% Bedside	95% CI	χ²	p	N	Odds ratio	95% CI
Preintervention	18,453	33.6	0.329–0.343
Intervention	24,245	41.0	0.404–0.417	246.21	<0.001	42,698	1.38	1.32–1.43
Postintervention	18,231	38.5	0.378–0.393	96.81	<0.001	36,684	1.24	1.19–1.29
Follow-up	2,603	43.8	0.419–0.458	104.05	< 0.001	21,056	1.54	1.42–1.68

Chi-square, p, N, odds ratio, and confidence interval calculated from comparisons to the preintervention data for each phase.

Detection and Prevention of Medication Errors Using Real-Time Bedside Nurse Charting