Handheld Computer-based Decision Support Reduces Patient Length of Stay and Antibiotic Prescribing in Critical Care

Table 2

Total Consumption of Most Commonly Used Antibiotic Classes in the ICU during the Study Expressed in DDD per 1,000 Patient-days

Characteristics	Preintervention	Intervention
β-lactamase–resistant penicillins†	722	546**
Third-generation cephalosporins‡	193	157
Cefepime	81	89
Fluoroquinolones§	171	146
Vancomycin	347	261††
Macrolides‖	115	130
Carbapenems¶	138	129
Subtotal	1,767	1,458‡‡
Others#	158	148
Total	1,925	1,606‡‡

ICU = Intensive care unit; DDD = defined daily dose.
↵† Flucloxacillin, dicloxacillin, ticarcillin + clavulanate and piperacillin + tazobactam.
↵‡ Ceftriaxone, ceftazidime.
↵§ Ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin.
↵‖ Erythromycin, clindamycin, roxithromycin.
↵¶ Imipenem, meropenem.
↵# Penicillin G, cephalexin, cephalothin, cefazolin, cotrimoxazole, metronidazole, rifampicin, teicoplanin.
↵** p = 0.029.
↵†† p = 0.05.
↵‡‡ p = 0.04.

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