Estimated Average Glucose and Minutes in Ideal Range 70–109 mg/dl by SICU Day for Patients on Insulin ≥24 Hours‡
| Day 1 | Day 2 | Day 3 | Day 4 | Day 5 | ||||||
| Outcome | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post |
| Patients (n) | 35 | 66 | 31 | 54 | 26 | 43 | 23 | 37 | 7 | 13 |
| Est.* average glucose‡ mg/dl, (95% CI) | 145.7 (136.4, 154.9) | 146.9 (140.2, 153.7) | 134.5 (124.7, 144.3) | 121.9 (114.5, 129.4) | 126.5 (115.8, 137.2) | 117.0 (108.7, 125.4) | 126.6 (115.2, 138.0) | 120.2 (111.2, 129.2) | 122.4 (101.7–143.0) | 118.5 (103.4–133.7) |
| p-value* | 0.83 | 0.045 | 0.171 | 0.39 | 0.77 | |||||
| Minutes in range‡ (% time in range) | 253 | 359 | 382 | 586 | 512 | 621 | 503 | 564 | 446 | 701 |
| (17.6) | (24.9) | (26.5) | (40.7) | (35.6) | (43.2) | (35.0) | (39.2) | (31.4) | (49.6) | |
| Minutes 95% CI | 128, 379 | 268, 451 | 249, 515 | 485, 687 | 367, 658 | 508, 735 | 348, 658 | 442, 686 | 165, 727 | 495, 907 |
| p-value† | 0.181 | 0.017 | 0.25 | 0.54 | 0.151 | |||||
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Est. = Estimated.
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↵* To convert glucose to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0555.
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↵† p-value determined by t-tests using the estimated variance pooled over all patient-days.
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↵‡ A mixed effects model of estimated average glucose by pre-/post-intervention period with patient as a random effect yielded a statistically non-significant overall average improvement of 4.56 mg/dl (p = 0.27). The mixed model of estimated minutes in ideal range yielded an overall average improvement of 116 minutes (p = 0.029).
