Crossing the Evidence Chasm: Building Evidence Bridges from Process Changes to Clinical Outcomes
- Affiliations of the authors: Center for Information Technology Leadership (DCK, DB, EP, BM) and Clinical Informatics Research & Development (BM), Partners HealthCare System, Department of General Internal Medicine (DCK, DB, EP, BM), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (DCK, DB, EP, BM), Boston, MA
- Correspondence and reprints: Blackford Middleton, MD, MPH, MSc, Center for Information Technology Leadership, Partners HealthCare System, 93 Worcester Street, Second Floor, Wellesley, MA 02481 email: <bmiddleton{at}citl.org>
- Received 13 November 2006
- Accepted 8 February 2007
Abstract
Objective Although demand for information about the effectiveness and efficiency of health care information technology grows, large-scale resource-intensive randomized controlled trials of health care information technology remain impractical. New methods are needed to translate more commonly available clinical process measures into potential impact on clinical outcomes.
Design The authors propose a method for building mathematical models based on published evidence that provides an evidence bridge between process changes and resulting clinical outcomes. This method combines tools from systematic review, influence diagramming, and health care simulations.
Measurements The authors apply this method to create an evidence bridge between retinopathy screening rates and incidence of blindness in diabetic patients.
Results The resulting model uses changes in eye examination rates and other evidence-based population parameters to generate clinical outcomes and costs in a Markov model.
Conclusion This method may serve as an alternative to more expensive study designs and provide useful estimates of the impact of health care information technology on clinical outcomes through changes in clinical process measures.
Footnotes
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The authors thank P. Lloyd Hildebrand, MD, of the University of Oklahoma and Inoveon Corporation for his contribution of expertise in diabetic eye disease.
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This work has been funded in part by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation of Princeton, NJ.
