Table 4
Signals Associated with Supratherapeutic Medication Levels
| Signal | Number of Studies | PPV Range | P-value Test for Heterogeneity | Overall Estimate of PPV* (95% CI) | Overall Estimate of PPV† (95% CI) |
| Quinidine | 2 | 0.43–0.60 | 0.56 | 0.50 (0.39–0.61) | 0.50 (0.22–0.78) |
| Phenobarbital | 3 | 0–1.0 | <0.01 | — | — |
| Theophylline trough | 5 | 0.25–1.0 | 0.01 | — | — |
| Vancomycin peak or trough levels | 3 | 0.18–0.33 | 0.31 | 0.26 (0.22–0.32) | 0.26 (0.20–0.32) |
| Procainamide | 3 | 0–0.42 | <0.01 | — | — |
| Lidocaine | 3 | 0.17–0.50 | 0.51 | 0.19 (0.17–0.21) | 0.18 (0.09–0.28) |
| Aminoglycoside antibiotic | 3 | 0.04–1.0 | <0.01 | — | — |
| Digoxin | 8 | 0.08–1.0 | <0.01 | — | — |
| Phenytoin | 7 | 0.07–1.0 | <0.01 | — | — |
| Cyclosporine | 2 | 0–0.04 | 0.29 | 0.03 (0.02–0.06) | 0.03 (0.00–0.06) |
