Table 1
Reported Timeliness, Method and Comparison of Data Sources in the Literature
| Data Source | Timeliness method (algorithm) | Comparison | Mean Timeliness (range) (reference) |
| OTC sales | Peak comparison | Virological confirmation | 7 days (6) |
| Cross Correlation | ICD-9* diagnosis | 2.8 days (range -2:7) | |
| Correlation: 0.86-0.93 (5) | |||
| Cross Correlation | ICD-9 diagnosis | 11.9 days (CI 3.5-20.3) | |
| Correlation: 0.9 (CI 0.87-0.93) (4) | |||
| Aberration detection comparison (threshold) | ICD-10 diagnosis | 14 days (8) | |
| Emergency visit | Aberration detection comparison (threshold) | Virological confirmation | 11.2 days (7-28) (9) |
| Aberration detection comparison (threshold) | CDC influenza activity | 14 days (10) | |
| Aberration detection comparison (SMART, Scan statistic) | Virological confirmation | 0 days (12) | |
| Aberration detection comparison (CUSUM) | Sentinel ILI | 7 days (13) | |
| Aberration detection comparison (CUSUM) | Virological confirmation | 1 day (26) | |
| Aberration detection comparison (Scan statistic) | Virological confirmation | 14 days (14) | |
| Aberration detection comparison (Scan statistic) | Sentinel ILI | 21 days (14) | |
| Cross Correlation | ICD-9 diagnosis | 7.4 days (CI -8.34-43.3) (15) | |
| Aberration detection comparison (EWMA) | ICD-9 diagnosis | 10.3 days (95% CI -15.15, 35.5) (15) | |
| Emergency visit >65 yrs | Aberration detection comparison (CUSUM) | Virological confirmation | 24 days (26) |
| Absenteeism (school) | Peak comparison | Sentinel ILI | 2.8 days (0-7) (7) |
| Absenteeism (work) | Aberration detection comparison (threshold) | Virological confirmation | 8.4 days (7-21) (9) |
| Telephone triage (ED) | Cross Correlation | CDC influenza activity | 17.5 days |
| Correlation: 0.25 (22) | |||
| Health advice calls | Spearman rank correlation | Sentinel ILI | 7-21 days |
| correlation: 0.85 (24) |
-
↵* International Classification of Diseases (ICD), 9th or 10th Revision.
