Adjusted Odds Ratio of Inappropriate Prescriptions According to the Method for Validation (Pharmacist or Electronic) and to the Type of Prescriptions Included (First or All)
| Variables | Model 1 Pharmacist Validation First Prescriptions | Model 2 Pharmacist Validation All Prescriptions | Model 3 Electronic Validation First Prescriptions Really Given to Patients | Model 4 Electronic Validation All Prescriptions Really Given to Patients |
| OR (CI 95%) | N = 700 | N = 942 | N = 673 | N = 843 |
| Intervention* | ||||
| Residents | 0.69 (0.41–1.15) | 0.70 (0.36–1.36) | 0.70 (0.42–1.18) | 0.75 (0.44–1.30) |
| Senior physicians | 1.88 (0.91–3.89) | 1.72 (0.92–3.23) | 1.66 (0.82–3.36) | 1.79 (0.85–3.75) |
| Patient's age (yr) | 0.98 (0.97–1.00)† | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) † | 0.98 (0.96–0.99)‡ | 0.97 (0.95–0.99)‡ |
| Drug category | § | § | § | § |
| ACEI | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| B-adrenergic blocking agent | 2.0 (1.0–4.2) | 3.4 (1.5–7.5) | 3.8 (1.8–7.9) | 5.3 (2.5–11.1) |
| Antibiotic | 10.7 (5.5–20.7) | 27.2 (10.7–69.3) | 16.1 (7.8–33.2) | 23.6 (10.3–54.2) |
| Antigout drug | 2.5 (1.1–6.1) | 3.3 (1.2–8.6) | 3.2 (1.3–7.8) | 3.2 (1.3–7.6) |
| Digoxin | 3.2 (1.3–8.3) | 7.3 (2.3–23.6) | 4.4 (1.6–11.7) | 6.4 (2.3–17.7) |
| Antidiabetes drug | 78.0 (15.2–400.0) | 527 (56–4785) | — | — |
-
Model 1 and Model 3: ORs were estimated in an ordinary multivariable logistic regression model (no patient effect). Model 2 and Model 4: ORs were estimated in mixed multivariable logistic regression model (significant patient effect).
-
ACEI = angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.
-
↵* Due to the significance of interaction term Intervention *Physician's level in Model 1, the odds ratio for the term Intervention was different for residents and senior physicians. The odds ratio of inappropriate prescriptions for senior physicians in intervention versus control periods was obtained by multiplying the odds ratio associated with the variable Intervention and the interaction term Intervention *Physician's level.
-
↵† p < 0.05.
-
↵‡ p < 0.01.
-
↵§ p < 0.001.
