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J Am Med Inform Assoc 16:354-361 doi:10.1197/jamia.M2922
  • Original Investigation

Syndromic Surveillance Using Ambulatory Electronic Health Records

Table 1

Peak Cross-correlation

ILI GIID
Correlation Lag (Days)* Correlation Lag (Days)*
IFH structured—IFH narrative 0.88 (0.85–0.91) 0 0.51 (0.42–0.59) (0)
IFH structured—NYC isolates 0.89 (0.76–1.00) 1
IFH narrative—NYC isolates 0.84 (0.71–0.97) 3
IFH structured—NYC ED 0.93 (0.91–0.94) 0 0.81 (0.67–0.94) (−2)
IFH narrative—NYC ED 0.88 (0.84–0.91) 0 0.47 (0.33–0.61) (−6)
NYC ED—NYC isolates 0.92 (0.79–1.00) −1
  • ILI = Influenza-like Illness; GIID = Gastrointestinal infectious diseases; IFH = Institute for Family Health; NYC = New York City; NYC ED = New York City Emergency Department.

  • * A negative number implies the first series in the pair occurred first. The lags for GIID are shown in parentheses because they lacked high peak correlation and good cross-correlation structure, so the values are likely to be unreliable.

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