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J Am Med Inform Assoc 9:600-611 doi:10.1197/jamia.M1087
  • Original Investigation

Defining and Improving Data Quality in Medical Registries: A Literature Review, Case Study, and Generic Framework

List of NICE variables, the severity-of-illness-models in which they are used, their data type, and the criteria used for analysis of data accuracy. Data accuracy was analysed by comparing the registry data to the gold standard (g.s.) data

Admission data Used in Type Criterium
Hospital number — Numerical Must be consistent with g.s.
ICU number — Numerical Must be consistent with g.s.
Admission number — Numerical Must be consistent with g.s.
Patient number — Numerical (encrypted) Must be consistent with g.s.
Surname — String (encrypted) Must be consistent with g.s.
Maiden name — String (encrypted) Must be consistent with g.s.
Date of birth — Date Must be consistent with g.s.
Age APACHE II & III, SAPS II, MPM0, 24 Numerical Must be consistent with g.s.
Gender — Categorical Must be consistent with g.s.
Length — Numerical Deviation from g.s. must not exceed 10 centimetres.
Weight — Numerical Deviation from g.s. must not exceed 10 kilograms.
Hospital admission date — Date Must be consistent with g.s.
ICU admission date — Date Must be consistent with g.s.
ICU admission time Time Deviation from g.s. must not exceed 1 hour.
Referring specialty — Categorical Must be consistent with g.s.
Admission source — Categorical Must be consistent with g.s.
Admission type APACHE II & III, SAPS II, MPM0, 24 Categorical Must be consistent with g.s.
Planned admission — Categorical (yes/no) Must be consistent with g.s.
ASA score at admission — Categorical Must be consistent with g.s.
Diagnostic data Used in Type Criterium
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation MPM0 Categorical (yes/no) Must be consistent with g.s
Dysrhytmia MPM0 Categorical (yes/no) Must be consistent with g.s.
Cerebrovascular accident MPM0 Categorical (yes/no) Must be consistent with g.s.
Gastrointestinal bleeding MPM0 Categorical (yes/no) Must be consistent with g.s.
Intracranial mass effect MPM0, 24 Categorical (yes/no) Must be consistent with g.s.
Chronic renal insufficiency MPM0 Categorical (yes/no) Must be consistent with g.s.
Metastatic neoplasm APACHE III, SAPS II, MPM0, 24 Categorical (yes/no) Must be consistent with g.s.
AIDS APACHE III, SAPS II Categorical (yes/no) Must be consistent with g.s.
Chronic dialysis APACHE II Categorical (yes/no) Must be consistent with g.s.
Haematological malignancy APACHE III, SAPS II Categorical (yes/no) Must be consistent with g.s.
Cirrhosis APACHE II & III, MPM0, MPM24 Categorical (yes/no) Must be consistent with g.s.
Chronic cardiovascular insufficiency APACHE II Categorical (yes/no) Must be consistent with g.s.
Respiratory insufficiency APACHE II Categorical (yes/no) Must be consistent with g.s.
Immunological insufficiency APACHE II & III Categorical (yes/no) Must be consistent with g.s.
Mechanical ventilation at admission MPM0 Categorical (yes/no) Must be consistent with g.s.
Mechanical ventilation during first 24 hours SAPS II, LODS II, MPM24 Categorical (yes/no) Must be consistent with g.s.
Confirmed infection MPM24 Categorical (yes/no) Must be consistent with g.s.
Acute renal failure APACHE II &III, MPM0, 24 Categorical (yes/no) Must be consistent with g.s.
APACHE II Reason for admission APACHE II Categorical Must be consistent with g.s.
Glasgow Coma Scale Used in Type Criterium
Eye reaction at admission MPM0 Categorical Must be consistent with g.s.
Eye reaction after the first 24 hours of admission MPM24 Categorical Must be consistent with g.s.
Lowest eye reaction in the first 24 hours APACHE II & III, SAPS II, LODS II Categorical Must be consistent with g.s.
Motor reaction at admission MPM0 Categorical Must be consistent with g.s.
Motor reaction after the first 24 hours of admission MPM24 Categorical Must be consistent with g.s.
Lowest motor reaction in first 24 hours the APACHE II & III, SAPS II, LODS II Categorical Must be consistent with g.s.
Verbal reaction at admission MPM0 Categorical Must be consistent with g.s.
Verbal reaction after the first 24 hours of admission MPM24 Categorical Must be consistent with g.s.
Lowest verbal reaction in the first 24 hours of admission APACHE II & III, SAPS II, LODS II Categorical Must be consistent with g.s.
Physiologic & laboratory data Used in Type Criterium
Highest heartrate within 1 h after admission MPM0 Numerical Deviation from g.s. must not exceed10 beats/min.
Lowest heartrate in the first 24 hours APACHE II& III, SAPS II, LODS II Numerical Deviation from g.s. must not exceed 10 beats/min.
Highest heartrate in the first 24 hours APACHE II& III, SAPS II, LODS Numerical Deviation from g.s. must not exceed 10 beats/min.
Lowest respiratory rate in the 24 hours APACHE II & III Numerical Must be exactly equal to g.s.
Highest respiratory rate in the first 24 hours APACHE II & III Numerical Must be exactly equal to g.s.
Lowest systolic blood pressure within 1 h after admission MPM0 Numerical Deviation from g.s. must not exceed 10 mmHg.
Lowest systolic blood pressure in the first 24 hours SAPS II, LODS II Numerical Deviation from g.s. must not exceed 10 mmHg.
Highest systolic blood pressure in the first 24 hours SAPS II, LODS II Numerical Deviation from g.s. must not exceed 10 mmHg.
Lowest mean blood pressure in the first 24 hours APACHE II & III Numerical Deviation from g.s. must not exceed 10 mmHg.
Highest mean blood pressure in the first 24 hours APACHE II & III Numerical Deviation from g.s. must not exceed 10 mmHg.
Lowest body temperature in the first 24 hours APACHE II & III, SAPS II Numerical Deviation from g.s. must not exceed 0.5 degrees Celsius.
Highest body temperature in the first 24 hours APACHE II & III, SAPS II Numerical Deviation from g.s. must not exceed 0.5 degrees Celsius.
Longest prothrombin time in the first 24 hours LODS II, MPM24 Numerical Must be exactly equal to g.s.
Lowest urine output in 8 hours MPM24 Numerical Deviation g.s. must not exceed 0.250 Liter.
Urine output in the first 24 hours APACHE III, SAPS II, LODS II Numerical Deviation from g.s. must not exceed 1 Liter.
Vasoactive drugs MPM24 Categorical (yes/no) Should be consistent with g.s.
Lowest PaO2 in the first 24 hours MPM24 Numerical Must be exactly equal to g.s.
Lowest PaO2 / FIO2 in the first 24 hours SAPS II, LODS II Numerical Must be exactly equal to g.s.
FIO2 to calculate the highest A-aDO2 in the first 24 hours APACHE II Numerical Must be taken from sample that results in highest A-aDO2 according to g.s.
PaO2 to calculate the highest A-aDO2 in the first 24 hours APACHE II & III Numerical Must be taken from sample that results in highest A-aDO2 according to g.s.
PaCO2 to calculate the highest A-aDO2 in the first 24 hours APACHE II Numerical Must be taken from sample that results in highest A-aDO2 according to g.s.
Highest A-aDO2 in the first 24 hours APCHE II & III Numerical Must be exactly equal to g.s.
PH from same bloodgas sample as A-aDO2 APACHE II & III Numerical Must be taken from sample that results in highest A-aDO2 according to g.s.
Lowest white blood cell count in the first 24 hours APACHE II & III, SAPS II, LODS II Numerical Must be exactly equal to g.s.
Highest white blood cell count in the first 24 hours APACHE II & III, SAPS II, Numerical LODS II Must be exactly equal to g.s.
Lowest serum creatinine level in the first 24 hours APACHE II & III, LODS II Numerical Must be exactly equal to g.s.
Highest serum creatinine level in the first 24 hours APACHE II & III, LODS II Numerical Must be exactly equal to g.s.
Lowest serum potassium level in the first 24 hours APACHE II, SAPS II Numerical Must be exactly equal to g.s.
Highest serum potassium level in the first 24 hours APACHE II, SAPS II Numerical Must be exactly equal to g.s.
Lowest serum sodium level in the first 24 hours APACHE II & III, SAPS II Numerical Must be exactly equal to g.s.
Highest serum sodium level in the first 24 hours APACHE II & III, SAPS II Numerical Must be exactly equal to g.s.
Lowest serum bicarbonate level in the first 24 hours APACHE II & III, SAPS II Numerical Must be exactly equal to g.s.
Highest serum bicarbonate level in the first 24 hours APACHE II & III, SAPS II Numerical Must be exactly equal to g.s.
Highest serum urea level in the first 24 hours the APACHE III, SAPS II, LODS II Numerical Must be exactly equal to g.s.
Highest bilirubin level in the first 24 hours APACHE III, SAPS II, LODS II Numerical Must be exactly equal to g.s.
Lowest haemoglobine level in the first 24 hours APACHE II & III Numerical Must be exactly equal to g.s.
Hightest haemoglobine level in the first 24 hours APACHE II & III Numerical Must be exactly equal to g.s.
Lowest serum albumin level in the first 24 hours APACHE III Numerical Must be exactly equal to g.s.
Highest serum albumin level in the first 24 hours APACHE III Numerical Must be exactly equal to g.s.
Lowest level of platelets in the first 24 hours LODS II Numerical Must be exactly equal to g.s.
Lowest glucose level in the first 24 hours APACHE III Numerical Must be exactly equal to g.s.
Lowest glucose level in the first 24 hours APACHE III Numerical Must be exactly equal to g.s.
Discharge data Used in Type Criterium
ICU discharge date — Date Must be consistent with g.s.
ICU discharge time — Time Deviation from g.s. must not exceed 1 hour.
Discharge destination — Categorical Must be consistent with g.s.
Reason for discharge — Categorical Must be consistent with g.s.
Patient died at ICU — Categorical (yes/no) Must be consistent with g.s.
Patient died in hospital — Categorical (yes/no) Must be consistent with g.s.
Hospital discharge date — Date Must be consistent with g.s.

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